Global climate change is accompanied by an increase in average annual temperatures, an increase in the frequency of droughts, heat waves and other abiotic stress factors, which significantly affect the growth, development and productivity of plants. In this regard, the study of adaptation mechanisms and the formation of stress resistance in plants is becoming particularly relevant.

Plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions is implemented at the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Adaptive mechanisms ensure the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and reduce the negative impact of high temperatures and moisture deficiency.

To implement this study, our experiment was conducted in parallel in May 2024 and again in June 2025 in Ukraine (Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Dubliany, Lviv region, (49.90° N, 24.08° E) and Spain (Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, (37°51′25″ N, 4°48′10″ W). The experiment included 26 soybean genotypes, comprising 21 cultivars of Ukrainian origin and five foreign commercial cultivars of Croatian (Zora), French (Isidor), American (PR91M10), Canadian (Sc1 Havane) and Austrian (Proteix) selections to observe their ontogeny stages, adaptive properties under various atypical conditions of biogeocenosis and abiotic factors. Sowing was done manually with 15 seeds in 2 lines, each one meter long, in 3 replicates, without pre-sowing seed treatment and the use of mineral fertilizers or herbicides.