In the field genebank of the Institute of Pomology nd. A. L.P. Simirenko are maintained 1244 samples of apple and 60 samples of pear. A variety of apples and pears represents 32 countries. From the apple varieties, Syabrina is a source of early fruit appearance, high palatability, anti-scab immunity; Mlievchanka osinnya - the compactness of crown, high flavor quality of fruits, attractive view, early appearance of fruit; Doctor Springer - decorativity (crown shape, flowering, fruit), is one of the best pollinators for apple varieties. From the varieties of pears: Nicholay Krueger - source of large fruits, excellent taste and attractive appearance; Al-Yanagi - high yield, unidimensionality of the fruits, high resistance to scab, resistance to thermal burn of leaves, duration of storage; Velvet - early appearance of fruits, high yield, excellent taste, attractive appearance, unidimensionality of the fruits. Breeding work is done on the basis of the collection, and created new varieties of apple – Gorodischenskoe, Plamennoye, Reinette Mlievsky; pears - Velvet, Rainbow, Gorodishchenskaya, Charivnytsia and others that are included into the Register of Varieties of Ukraine. On the results of the study of the collections, there are developed methods, guidelines, catalogs of the samples.