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The state program on plant genetic resources of Belarus integrates activities of 11 re- search institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and 2 universities. It served as the basis for the creation of a national bank of plant genetic resources of crops and natural flora of Belarus. Preservation of the gene pool is being provided by the regu- lated storage conditions. The head of this work in the Republic is RUE «Research and Prac- tical Center of NAS of Belarus on Arable Farming» where is constructed genetic repository of the National gene pool in which are created the conditions for a reliable long-term stor- age of genetic collections of economically useful plants. The main collection of vegetatively propagated crops are concentrated in Research and Practical Center of NAS of Belarus on Potato Growing and Horticulture. Maintaining the collection fund is carried out both by biotechnological methods - in culture in vitro and in field collections. The National Plant Ge- netic Resources Bank of the Republic of Belarus totals 64.1 thousand accessions and takes the 4th place in the accessions number among the CIS countries, and is on the 3rd place by the species diversity of 1680 cultivated species and their relatives. For the first time, in the Republic of Belarus formed the base, active, trait, core, plant genetic DNA collec- tions. A unified electronic database of the accumulated collection fund is created and an- nually updated with new data. In the collection, conservation, study and use of plant genetic resources have been established international links with 42 leading breeding centers and gene banks around the world. Seed collections of cereals, legumes, cereals, fodders, oil- seeds, sugar beet and flax of the Center for Agriculture; fruit, small fruit, nut and grapevine collections of the Fruit Growing Institute; collections of fungi strains of the Forest Institute; Herbarium of the Institute for Experimental Botany nd. a. V.F. Kuprevich; living collections and the herbarium of introduced plants of world flora of the Central Botanical Gardens are recognized scientific objects that make up the national heritage of the Republic of Belarus. With the use of the plant gene pool, in the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2000 to 2015, 980 varieties of cultivated plants are created, including 360 new varieties of field crops and 88 introduced varieties that are included in to the State Register for 2011-2015. The area occupied by the new varieties in the country is more than 2.0 mln. ha. There are saved 52 rare and requiring protection species of wild plant included in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus.