According to Eurostat (FAOSTAT data, 2020 March, available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC), the gross production of cereals is about 300 million tons per year. Currently, the main crop is soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Kiseleva et al., 2016). However, world production of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is more than 20 million tons per year, half of which falls on Germany and Poland.

The research was performed in the field and laboratory conditions of Uman National University of Horticulture during 2007–2009 in the stationary experiment of the Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science. The experiment was launched in 1964, and it is based on a 10-field crop rotation extended in time and space (spring triticale + meadow clover, meadow clover, winter wheat, sugar beet, corn, peas, winter wheat, silage corn, winter wheat, sugar beet). The object of the research was a podzolized clay-loam black soil of the experimental field. The efficiency of fertilizer systems was studied on 10 backgrounds (average saturation of crop rotation area with fertilizers) - without fertilizers (control), N₄₅P₄₅K₄₅ (M1), N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀ (M2), N₁₃₅P₁₃₅K₁₃₅ (M3), Manure 9 t (O1), Manure 13.5 t (O2), Manure 18 t (O3), Manure 4.5 t+N₂₃P₃₄K₁₈ (OM1), Manure 9 t+N₄₆P₆₈K₃₆ (OM2), Manure 13.5 t+N₆₉P₁₀₂K₅₄ (OM3). Fertiliser rates were applied in the form of half-rotted cattle straw manure, ammonium nitrate, granulated superphosphate, mixed potassium salt and potassium chloride. The total area of the plot was 180 m², the experimental plot covered 100 m², the experiment was repeated three times on the same location. Kharkiv Hlibodar spring triticale variety was used in the experiment.