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The nature of the inheritance of resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in the crosses of genotypes of spring barley in F₁ and transgressive variability in F₂ populations are investigated. Inheritance of the trait of resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in F₁, by hybridization of genotypes of spring barley with known genes of resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in European varieties ʻEunovaʼ (mlo11) and ʻBarkeʼ (mlo9), which are located on chromosome 1H, was positively dominated. Inheritance of the F₁ trait in ʻAspenʼ (mlo11) and ʻAdonisʼ (mlo9) cultivars was partially positive.

The infl uence of parental pairs for hybridization on the indicators of the degree of phenotypic dominance, hypothetical and true heterosis was established. Resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in F₁ hybrids was observed heterosis (positive dominance) in fi ve hybrid combinations (hp = 1.1–1.9%): ʻBarkeʼ / ʻBadoryiʼ, ʻBarkeʼ / ʻSanktrumʼ, ʻParnasʼ / ʻRostentsiiʼ, ʻBadoryiʼ / ʻBarkeʼ, ʻEunovaʼ / ʻZvershenniaʼ.

Hypothetical heterosis (Ht) in F₁ was observed in 13 of 16 hybrids (from +2.8% to +97.6%). A positive value of true heterosis (Htb) in F₁ was observed in 15 hybrids out of 16 (from +1.9% to +98.8%). Inheritance of the trait of resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in all studied hybrids was infl uenced by the cytoplasm of the mother plant, except for the hybrid ʻEunovaʼ / ʻTriangelʼ, where the infl uence of the nuclear apparatus was detected.

Hybrids were found in the F₂ population with high resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, which exceeded the parental com ponents, which indicates a signifi cant shaping process and the possibility of selection on the basis of the studied trait. The degree of positive transgression ranged from 16.0% to 73.0% in hybrids ʻAspenʼ / ʻSkarletʼ, ʻAdonisʼ / ʻVanja, ʻBarkeʼ / ʻBadoryiʼ, ʻBarkeʼ / ʻSanktrumʼ, ʻEunovaʼ / ʻTriangelʼ and ʻEunovaʼ / ʻZvershenniaʼ, where highly resistant varieties were used for the mother form.