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There is given characteristic of Stevia rebaudiana as a sweetener containing a complex of valuable substances with a therapeutic effect. Breeding material of Stevia rebaudiana by productivity is created by the method of polyploidy. 5 tetraploid forms with the dry leaf yield to 5.2 tonnes / ha and content of diterpene glycosides 14–15% are selected from the collection. created - of and the stand out from the collection. On the infection background, allocated 2 stevia lines tolerant to Alternaria for use as a source material for further breeding.